2023考研英语长难句语法练习题

Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, suggesting that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.

一、词汇解析：

1，be forced to do 被迫做某事。

force，n. 力量;武力;

vt. 促使，推动;强迫;强加

force sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事

2，exercise n. 运动;练习;运用;

vt. 锻炼;练习;使用;

3，react to 对于...的反应

4，enthusiastically adv.热情地

enthusiast n.热衷者,渴慕者(ast=ist-人)

enthusiastic adj.热心的,热情的,热忱的;狂热的(ic-形容词后缀)

be enthusiastic about 对…热情

5，funny adj有趣的,滑稽可笑的

6，cartoon n.卡通片

7，contract n.契约,合同

v.订立合同或契约;收缩

contact n.接触,触碰;联系

adj.接触的

v.接触;联系

8，frown vi. 皱眉;不同意

n. 皱眉，蹙额

9, rather than而不是

10, the other way around 倒过来;从相反方向

二、句子解析：

1，本句话的主干成分是Those reacted to funny cartoons than did those.主语是Those，谓语动词是 reacted to，宾语是funny cartoons，than引导的是比较状语从句。

2，forced to exercise their smiling muscles做定语，修饰限定Those。表示：被迫锻炼笑肌的那些人。

3，more enthusiastically做状语，修饰限定动词reacted to

4，than引导的比较状语从句中，出现完全倒装。主要的结构是than +dodiddoes+n. dodiddoes代替上文出现的动词内容react to 。

5，whose mouths were contracted in a frown 定语从句，修饰限定those。表示撅嘴皱眉。

6， suggesting做伴随状语。

7，that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around。that引导的是宾语从句，做suggesting的宾语。

三、句子翻译：

那些被迫锻炼笑肌的人对有趣的卡通的反应要比那些被迫皱眉撅嘴的人更为热烈，这说明了表情或许可以影响情感，而不仅仅是情感影响表情。

四、重难点解析：

本句难点在于than引导的比较状语从句，从句使用了全部倒装。倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装就是把谓语全部置于主语之前。部分倒装就是将谓语的一部分(如助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需要添加助动词do，does或did，并将其置于主语之前，即：助动词或情态动词+主语+动词。

1.否定副词或含有否定意义的副词或短语，如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, by no means, not until 等至于句首时，主句出现部分倒装。

例句：Not only did they develop such a device but they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system.(2012 年新题型)

2.“only+状语”置于句首，主句出现部分倒装。

And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. (2008 年 Text4)

3. as 引导的让步状语从句中，从句出现部分倒装。

Strange as it may appear, it’s true.