GRE数学专有名词的英文表达

一．数学符号Mathematical symbols

等于：equal to,thae same as,is

不等：>more than

<less than

>=no less than

<=no more than

加：add,plus,more than,sum

减：minus,subtract(to take away by or as if by deducting),less than,difference

乘：multiply,times,product(the number or expression resulting from the multiplication together of two or more numbers or expressions)

除：divide,quotient(the number resulting from the division of one number by another)

绝对值：absolute value

平方：square

立方：cube

开平方：square root

开立方：cube root

平行：parallel to

垂直：perpendicular to(a:standing at right angles to the plane of the horizon:exactly upright b:being at right angles to a given line or plane)

二．数字前缀

1--uni,mono

2--bi,du,di

3--tri,ter

4--tetra,quad

5--penta,quint

6--hex,sex

7--sept,hapta

8--oct

9--enn

10--dec,deka

三．方程和函数

方程equation

一元二次方程quadratic（involving terms of the second degree at most）equations

多元一次方程组simultaneous（satisfied by the same values of the variables）linear equations

二元二次方程组simultaneous quadratic equations

解solution,root,zero

变量variable

常量（数）constant(something invariable or unchanging)

项term

系数coefficient(any of the factors of a product considered in relation to a specific factor especially:a constant factor of a term as distinguished from a variable)

函数function

四．数列和集合

等差数列arithmetic(a branch of mathematics that deals usually with the nonnegative real numbers including sometimes the transfinite cardinals and with the application of the operations of addition,subtraction,multiplication,and division to them)progression

等比数列geometric(a:of,relating to,or according to the methods or principles of geometry b:increasing in a geometric progression)progression

集合set

子集subset

序列sequence

序列中的项term

包含序列的首末项inclusive

不包含序列的首末项exclusive

五．排列组合与概率

排列permutation(a:the act or process of changing the lineal order of an ordered set of objects b:an ordered arrangement of a set of objects)

组合combination(an ordered sequence:as a:a sequence of letters or numbers chosen in setting a lock also:the mechanism operating or moved by the sequence b:a rapid sequence of punches in boxing c:any subset of a set considered without regard to order within the subset)

概率probability,possibility

六．数论number theory

数字digit

奇数odd number

偶数even number

整数integer,whole number

正整数positive integer

连续整数consecutive(following one after the other in order)integer

自然数natural number

非零数nonzero

正数positive number

负数negative number

有理数rational(involving only multiplication,division,addition,and subtraction and only a finite number of times)

无理数irrational(a number that can be expressed as an infinite decimal with no set of consecutive digits repeating itself indefinitely and that cannot be expressed as the quotient of two integers)

实数real number

加addition

合数composite(made up of distinct parts)number

质数prime number

因子factor,divisor

公因子common factor

质因数prime factor

公约数common divisior

最大公约数the greatest common divisor GCD

公倍数common multiple

最小公倍数the least common multiple LCM

乘multiply

乘数multiplier

几倍times

A是B的两倍twice as many A as B

A是B的3/2倍3/2 as many A as B

A比B多20%，（A-B）/B=20%A is 20%more than B

除以divide

除数divisor

商quotient(the number resulting from the division of one number by another)

余数remainder

整除divisibility

可整除的divisible by，evenly divisible

小数decimals(numbered or proceeding by tens:a:based on the number 10 especially:expressed in or utilizing a decimal system especially with a decimal point b:subdivided into 10th or 100th units)

小数点decimal point

分数fractions(a numerical representation(as 3/4,5/8,or 3.234)indicating the quotient of two numbers)

循环小数reccuring decimal

有限小数terminating decimal

分子numerator(the part of a fraction that is above the line and signifies the number to be divided by the denominator)

分母denominator(the part of a fraction that is below the line and that functions as the divisor of the numerator)

真分数proper faction

假分数improper fraction

带分数mixed number

个位数units'digit

十位数tens'digit

百位数hundreds'digit

两位数2-digit number

十进制decimalism,decimal notation,an integer in base 10 notation

十分位tenth,tenths'digit

七．单利、复利和价格

单利simple interest

复利compound interest

成本cost

折扣discount

预付定金;分期付款down payment(a part of the full price paid at the time of purchase or delivery with the balance to be paid later broadly:the first step in a process)

利率interst rate

标价list price

差额margin

涨价mark up

降价mark down

毛利markup(an amount added to the cost price to determine the selling price broadly)

利润profit

购买价purchasing price

零售价retail value

销售价sale price

折旧depreciation(to lower the price or estimated value of)

八．代数algebra

算术平均数arithmetic mean

几何平均数geometric mean

平均数average

中位数median

众数mode

期望expectation

偏差deviation

方差variance

标准差standard deviation

范围range

底数base

近似closest approximation

降低后的reduced

下降后的decreased

从...下降到...decrease...to...

下降了decrease by...

增加后的increased

从...增加到...increase...to...

增加了...increase by...

定义define

表示，代表denote(to serve as an indication of)

不同的distinct

表达式expression

用...表达in terms of

最小值minimum,least possible

最大值maximum

人均per capita(equally to each individual)

指数power

正比于proportional to

比率ratio

倒数reciprocal（either of a pair of numbers(as 2/3 and 3/2 or 9 and 1/9)whose product is one broadly）

四舍五入到十分位rounded(to express as a round number―often used with off<11.3572 rounded off to two decimal places becomes 11.36>)to the nearest tenth

连续的successive,in a row

平局tie

两个数字two digits

九．几何geometry

坐标coordinate(a:any of a set of numbers used in specifying the location of a point on a line,on a surface,or in space b:any one of a set of variables used in specifying the state of a substance or the motion of a particle or momentum)

横坐标abscissa(the horizontal coordinate of a point in a plane Cartesian coordinate system obtained by measuring parallel to the x-axis)

纵坐标ordinate(the Cartesian coordinate obtained by measuring parallel to the y-axis）

解析几何coordinate geometry

斜率slope

y轴截距y-intercept

数轴number lines

象限quadrant

角度degree

锐角acute(characterized by sharpness or severity)angle

直角right angle

钝角obtuse(not pointed or acute)angle

顶角vertex(vertices)angle

平角straight angle

平分bisect

角平分线angle bisector(e that bisects especially:a straight line that bisects an angle or a line segment)

正北方due(DIRECTLY,EXACTLY)north

长度length

高度altitude,height

大小，维度dimension(a(1):measure in one direction specifically:one of three coordinates determining a position in space or four coordinates determining a position in space and time(2):one of a group of properties whose number is necessary and sufficient to determine uniquely each element of a system of usually mathematical entities(as an aggregate of points in real or abstract space)<the surface of a sphere has two dimensions>also:a parameter or coordinate variable assigned to such a property<the three dimensions of momentum>(3):the number of elements in a basis of a vector space b:the quality of spatial extension:MAGNITUDE,SIZE c:a lifelike or realistic quality d:the range over which or the degree to which something extends:SCOPE―usually used in plural e:one of the elements or factors making up a complete personality or entity:ASPECT)

周长perimeter(a:the boundary of a closed plane figure b:the length of a perimeter)

面积area

距离distance

直线line

线段segment(the finite part of a line between two points in the line)

中点mid point

相交intersect(to meet and cross at a point)

平行线parallel lines

垂直线perpendicular(a:standing at right angles to the plane of the horizon:exactly upright b:being at right angles to a given line or plane)lines

弧arc(degree measurement on the circumference of a circle―used especially in the phrase of arc<11 minutes 3 seconds of arc>)

弧度（弧长/半径）radian(a unit of plane angular measurement that is equal to the angle at the center of a circle subtended by an arc whose length equals the radius or approximately 57.3 degrees)

中心center

圆circle

圆周长circumference(the perimeter of a circle)

半径radius(a line segment extending from the center of a circle or sphere to the circumference or bounding surface)

直径diameter(the length of a straight line through the center of an object)

内切inscribe(to draw within a figure so as to touch in as many places as possible)

外接circumscribe(a:to draw a line around b:to surround by or as if by a boundary)

切线tangent(meeting a curve or surface in a single point if a sufficiently small interval is considered)

顺时针clockwise

逆时针counterclockwise（in a direction opposite to that in which the hands of a clock rotate as viewed from in front）

同心圆concentric(having a common center)circle

对角线diagonal(joining two vertices of a rectilinear figure that are nonadjacent or two vertices of a polyhedral figure that are not in the same face)

三角形triangle

直角三角形right triangle

斜边hypotenuse(the side of a right-angled triangle that is opposite the right angle)

等腰三角形isosceles(having two equal sides)triangle

等边三角形equilateral(having all sides equal)triangle

三角形的中线median of a triangle

四边形quadrilateral(a polygon of four sides)

平行四边形parallelogram(a quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel and equal)

长方形rectangle

正方形square

梯形trapezoid

五边形pentagon(a polygon of five angles and five sides)

六边形hexagon(a polygon of six angles and six sides)

八边形octagon(a polygon of eight angles and eight sides)

十边形decagon(a plane polygon of 10 angles and 10 sides)

多边形polygon

正多边形regular polygon

全等的congruent(congruous,being in agreement,harmony,or correspondence)

面face

边side

平面plane

交叠overlap(to extend over or past and cover a part of)

正方体cube

长方体rectangular solid

圆柱cylinder（the surface traced by a straight line moving parallel to a fixed straight line and intersecting a fixed planar closed curve）

圆锥cone

球sphere

表面积surface area

体积volume